Occurrence

Vascular plants occurrences in Dokdo islands, Korea, based on herbarium collections and legacy botanical literature

Latest version published by DMZ Botanic Garden on 05 November 2021 DMZ Botanic Garden
Publication date:
05 November 2021
Published by:
DMZ Botanic Garden
License:
CC-BY 4.0

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Description

The present project was focused on digitizing the data on plant distribution on Dokdo Islands, collected between 1947-2018 by botanists taking part in occasional expeditions to the islands. These data are expected to contribute to the biodiversity management and conservation of these highly inaccessible island ecosystems.

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 838 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.

How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Kim H (2021): Vascular plants occurrences in Dokdo islands, Korea, based on herbarium collections and legacy botanical literature. v1.13. DMZ Botanic Garden. Dataset/Occurrence. http://61.82.48.86:8080/ipt-2.4.2/resource?r=dokdo_flora&v=1.13

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is DMZ Botanic Garden. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 37663a11-6c27-4b72-a3bc-75c9dab75a83.  DMZ Botanic Garden publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by East Asia Biodiversity Conservation Network.

Keywords

Biodiversity; Dokdo; flora; islands; invasive species; literature; vascular plants; Observation

Contacts

Hui Kim
  • Metadata Provider ●
  • Originator ●
  • User ●
  • Point Of Contact
Professor
Mokpo National University Herbarium
Youngsan-ro 1666
58457 Muan
Jeollanam-do
+82624502665
CheolHo Lee
  • Metadata Provider
director
DMZ botanic garden
Mandaeri, Haeanmyeon
Yanggu-gun
Gangwon-do
KR

Geographic Coverage

The Dokdo Islands are the most inaccessible islands in Korea, located at 37°14'26.8'' N and 131°52'10.4'' E, belonging to an administrative district that includes the Ulleung islands.

Bounding Coordinates South West [37.225, 131.823], North East [37.255, 131.9]

Project Data

Purpose: The present project was focused on digitizing the data on plant distribution on Dokdo Islands, collected between 1947-2018 by botanists taking part in occasional expeditions to the islands. These data are expected to contribute to the biodiversity management and conservation of these highly inaccessible island ecosystems.

Title Vascular plants occurrences in Dokdo Islands based on the herbarium collections and legacy botanical literature
Study Area Description The small islands Dokdo are volcanic rocks formed in the Cenozoic era, more specifically 4.6 to 2.5 million years ago, which is attributed to the same formation mechanism of underwater islands (Jo et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2013). The Dokdo volcano rises about 2,100 m from the sea bottom, and the diameter of the submerged mountain is more than 10 km (Song et al., 2017). The shape of the islands is butterfly wings, its relief is relatively steep, its highest elevation reaches 168 m above sea level, and its surface area is about 18.7 hectares. The Dokdo islands consist of two main islets, Seodo and Dongdo, with numerous surrounding rocks. Seodo has several access points for berth and tracking routes, and flora surveys and collections are possible over a comparatively large area. Since Dongdo was more difficult to access by boat, it is quite difficult to stride for investigation on the surface, except there are fewer primary species occurrence data in few points. Dokdo island had a mean annual temperature of 13.8C, mean annual precipitation of 589 mm, an absolute minimum temperature of -6.4C, and an absolute maximum temperature of 28.2C. The Dokdo climate is distinguished from the Ulleung islands by the relatively less precipitation (up to 1,500 mm per year). Meteorologists suspected that auto weather systems tended to underestimate the amount of snowfall, and also, there has been a lot of missing data (Kim and Park, 2017).

The personnel involved in the project:

Hui Kim

Sampling Methods

The vascular plant occurrence data treated in this study come from fieldwork from 2012 to 2013 and the botanical legacy papers from 1947 to 2018. Herbarium surveys were conducted in two herbaria, including SNUA (Seoul National University, College of Agriculture, herbarium acronym following Thiers 2018) and KH (Korea National Arboretum). In addition to the authors’ collections, the datasets scattered over different manuscripts in a heterogeneous format were also digitized for the vascular plant occurrences in Dokdo islands (Lee, 1952, Lee and Joo, 1958, Lee, 1978; Sun et al, 2002; Hyun and Kwon, 2006; Lee et al., 2007; Park and Lee, 2008; Park et al., 2010; Song and Park, 2012; Jung et al., 2014; Kim and Lee, 2015; Park et al., 2016; Park et al., 2017; Park et al., 2018). References to the published literature, from which data were obtained for the occurrence data compilation, are presented in the bibliography section of the metadata.

Study Extent The Dokdo Islands are the most inaccessible islands in Korea, located at 37°14'26.8'' N and 131°52'10.4'' E, belonging to an administrative district that includes the Ulleung islands.
Quality Control The occurrence dataset for the Dokdo islands was digitized manually from scanned documents of the original papers. The quality control procedures in biodiversity data management were based on Chapman’s (2005) Principles of Data Quality. Scientific names and locality names in the digitized datasets were kept the same as in the original paper. The authors determined the species names given according to the Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (Chang et al., 2014). All scientific names were cross-checked and taxonomically updated using the taxonomic module of BRAHMS (Pouwer et al., 2008); more details on the digitization steps, the structure of the data, and the quality control measures are given below

Method step description:

  1. 1. The content providers reviewed carefully individual floristic publications to manage the irregularity in the format of the historical papers. All occurrence records were merged into a spreadsheet, and a record of occurrence data holds original species names found at the location. In this stage of the digitization process, obvious typographic errors were corrected. Accepted taxon names and taxonomic classification, as derived from the local checklist (Chang et al., 2014), were included in the spreadsheets. The outcome of the above digitization steps was 843 records with 25 columns containing occurrence data of 108 vascular plant taxa. 2. The layout of the BRAHMS database was made using MS ACCESS. All specimen and occurrence information was captured in the BRAHMS (Botanical Research and Herbarium Management System) database of T.B. Lee herbarium. 3. In literature data, we frequently encountered several uncertain dates for field works, for example, July 13, 2017, September 26, 2017, April 17, 2018, June 19-20, 2018, September 18, 2018, for 68 collections by Park et al. (2018). When the collection date was written as “several dates,” we transcribed the last dates of field works on day, month, year, or their equivalent in eventDate field and the rest of the general information in the verbatimEventDate field. Park and Lee (2008) and Park et al. (2017) published the floristic list of Dokdo islands with many vascular plants pictures. Because these authors have not provided the collection information, we use the publication year as the year of events. 4. All occurrence records were georeferenced, either from the coordinates provided in the paper or from the geographic description of the localities. The coordinate uncertainty in meters for each occurrence was estimated according to the algorithm described by Chapman (2005). 5. Occurrence data in Brahms could be easily exported in various formats, including Darwin Core for uploading to the EABCN IPT. The Darwin Core standard was applied to the BRHMS extract/query file structure to accommodate the relevant information extracted from the publications.

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Ariño AH, Chavan V, Otegui J (2016) Best practice guide for data gap analysis for biodiversity stakeholders. GBIF Secretariat, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  2. Amano T, Lamming JD, Sutherland WJ (2016) Spatial gaps in global biodiversity information and the role of citizen science. Bioscience 66 (5), 393-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw022
  3. Chapman AD (2005) Principles of Data Quality. GBIF https://doi.org/10.15468/doc.jrgg-a190
  4. Chavan V, Penev L (2011) The data paper: a mechanism to incentivize data publishing in biodiversity science. BMC bioinformatics 12 (15) 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-S15-S2
  5. Faith D, Collen B, Ariño A, Koleff PKP, Guinotte J, Kerr J, Chavan V (2013) Bridging the biodiversity data gaps: Recommendations to meet users’ data needs. Biodiversity Informatics, 8 (2) https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v8i2.4126
  6. Hartter J, Ryan, SJ, MacKenzie CA, Parker JN, Strasser CA (2013) Spatially explicit data: stewardship and ethical challenges in science. PLoS Biology 11 (9) e1001634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001634
  7. Hortal J, Lobo JM, Jiménez‐Valverde A (2007). Limitations of biodiversity databases: case study on seed‐plant diversity in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Conservation Biology 21(3) 853-863. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00686.x
  8. Hortal J, Jiménez‐Valverde A, Gómez JF, Lobo JM, Baselga A (2008). Historical bias in biodiversity inventories affects the observed environmental niche of the species. Oikos 117 (6) 847-858. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16434.x
  9. Hyun JO, Kwon SK (2006) Flora of Dokdo. Report on the detailed survey of Dokdo ecosystem. Seoul: Ministry of Environment. pp. 35e44
  10. Jung SY, Byun JG, Park SH, Oh SH, Yang JC, Jang JW, Chang KS, Lee YM (2014). The study of distribution characteristics of vascular and naturalized plants in Dokdo, South Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 7(2) 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2014.03.011
  11. Kim CH, Lee SH (2016) Flora of Dokdo. In: Lee JH (Ed.) Dokdo ecosystem detail survey. National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, 66-78 pp. [In Korean].
  12. Kim CH, Park JW, Lee MH, Park CH (2013) Detailed bathymetry and submarine terraces in the coastal area of the Dokdo volcano in the Ulleung Basin, the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Journal of Coastal Research, 65 (10065) 523-528. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI65-089.1
  13. Kim JS, Park JJ (2017) The story of Dokdo’s nature, weather and currents. Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong, [In Korean].
  14. Lee DB, Joo SW (1958) Review of flora of Ullung. Collection of dissertations for Liberal Arts and Science of Korea University 3: 223-296. [In Korean]
  15. Lee DH, Cho SH, Park JH (2007) Flora of Dokdo. In: Park JR (Ed.) Report on Monitoring of Dokdo ecosystem. Daegu Local Administration of Environment, Daegu. 65-96 pp. [In Korean]
  16. Lee TB (1978) Flora of Dokdo. Nature Conservation 22: 16-19. [In Korean]
  17. Lee YN (1952) Record of plant survey in Dokdo. Fisheries 2:26-31. [In Korean]
  18. Park JH, Lee DH (2008) Plants of Dokdo. In: Research Institute for Ulleungdo & Dokdo Islands, Kyungpook National University (Ed.) Nature of Dokdo. Kyeongbuk University Press, Daegu, 166-210 pp. [In Korean]
  19. Park JH, Lee W, Yoon JS, Jang DH (2014) The flora of Dokdo monitoring. In: Institute for Ulleungdo & Dokdo Islands, Kyungbuk National University (Ed.) The Dokdo nature reserve monitoring 2013. Cultural Heritage Administration, Daegu, 10-37 pp. [In Korean]
  20. Park JH, Lee DH (2018). The flora of Dokdo monitoring. In: Institute for Ulleungdo & Dokdo Islands, Kyungbuk National University (Ed.) The Dokdo nature reserve monitoring 2013. Cultural Heritage Administration, Daegu, 10-39 pp. [In Korean]
  21. Park JH. Lee W, Yoon JS. (2017) The flora of Dokdo. In: Institute for Ulleungdo & Dokdo Islands, Kyungbuk National University (Ed.) The Dokdo nature reserve sourcebook. Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong, 82-143 pp. [In Korean]
  22. Park SJ, Song IG, Park SJ, Lim DO (2010) The flora and vegetation of Dokdo Island in Ulleung-gun, Gyeongsanbuk-do. Korean Journal of Environmental Ecology 24 (3): 264-278. [In Korean]
  23. Park, SJ, Park GT, Shin JH, Park RJ, Shin, MJ, Cho, SJ. (2016) Flora of Dokdo. In: Park, SJ (Ed.) Dokdo ecosystem detail survey. Daegu Local Administration of Environment Daegu, 9-26 pp. [In Korean]
  24. Penev L, Mietchen D, Chavan VS, Hagedorn G, Smith VS, Shotton D, Tuama ÉÓ, Senderov V, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Groom QJ, Remsen D, Edmunds SC(2017). Strategies and guidelines for scholarly publishing of biodiversity data. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 3, e12431. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e12431
  25. Pouwer R, Willemse LPM, Mols JB, Wieringa JJ, Nederland NH (2008) Guidelines for Collection Data Registration with BRAHMS 6.
  26. Soberón J, Jiménez R, Golubov J, Koleff P (2007) Assessing completeness of biodiversity databases at different spatial scales. Ecography 30: 152– 160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04627.x
  27. Song IG, Park SJ (2012) Distribution and management of non-indigenous plants in Dokdo. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42 (1): 98-107. [In Korean] https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2012.42.1.098
  28. Song SJ, Park J, Ryu J, Rho HS, Kim W, Kim JS (2017). Biodiversity hotspot for marine invertebrates around the Dokdo, East Sea, Korea: Ecological checklist revisited. Marine pollution bulletin, 119(2), 162-170. [In Korean] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.068
  29. Sun BY, Sul MR, Im JA, Kim CH, Kim TJ (2002) Evolution of endemic vascular plants of Ulleungdo and Dokdo in Korea-floristic and cytotaxonomic characteristics of vascular flora of Dokdo. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 32 (2):143-158. [In Korean] http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2002.32.2.143
  30. Taylor HR, Dussex N, van Heezik Y. (2017). Bridging the conservation genetics gap by identifying barriers to implementation for conservation practitioners. Global Ecology and Conservation, 10, 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.001
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Additional Metadata

Alternative Identifiers 37663a11-6c27-4b72-a3bc-75c9dab75a83
http://61.82.48.86:8080/ipt-2.4.2/resource?r=dokdo_flora